************************************************************************************** MONTHLY WEATHER REPORT MAY 1999 TEXT-ONLY VERSION Hard copy versions of this report, including graphics, can be obtained from the weather station at the following address: Pitsford Hall weather station Pitsford Hall Moulton Lane Pitsford Northampton NN6 9AX Enclosing a stamped address A4 envelope. The full register can be downloaded separately to this report from this web site. If you encounter any problems in downloading data or viewing the files, please contact the station via the answerphone on 07967 438314. For official purposes, data entries should always be double checked with the station office. ************************************************************************************** Pitsford Hall Weather Station Office: Pitsford Hall Northamptonshire Grammar School Pitsford Northampton NN6 9AX Tel. 01604 880306 Fax. 01604 882212 E-mail weather@brixworth.demon.co.uk Web site http://www.brixworth.demon.co.uk/weather Registered member of the Climatological Observers Link Station grading: A Climatological Station No: 91012 Station Manager: M J Lewis, BSc(Hons), FRGS Observers: Christopher Cockrell Simon Fleming Benjamin Goodyear Alexander Jackman Andrew Sunderland Honorary Foundation Observers: Paul Dickens William Keggin Martin Sheehy Andrew Stanton Technician: Mrs S West Groundsman: Mr R Green Statistical Analysis of Air and Ground Observations - May 1999 Temperatures: Mean Max: 18C Mean Min: 8.8C Mean Temp: 13.4C (mean comparison: +2.3C) Highest Max: 24.5C on 29th Lowest Max: 13.4C on 17th Highest Min: 12.2C on 28th Lowest Min: 6.2C on 17th Relative Humidity: Humidities observed at 0830hrs: Max: 95% on 28th Min: 72% on 22nd Mean: 82.4% All Humidities (hygrograph record): Max: 95% on 28th Min: 34% on 27th Rainfall: Total for Month: 90.4mm (mean comparison: 167%) Max: 17mm on 29th Rain Days: 15 Wet Days: 12 Duration: 41.8hours Rainfall acidity: Lowest pH: 5.35 on 11th Mean pH: 5.96 Winds: Max Max Gust: 43mph on 17th Mean wind speed at observation: 5.2mph Mean 24 hour wind speed: 4.3mph Directions: north 6, northeast 0, east 4, southeast 4, south 7, southwest 3, west 4, northwest 3, calm 0, variable 0 Pressures: Max: 1022mb on 31st Min: 1005mb on 7th Mean: 1014.3mb Sunshine: Total: 146.2 hours Most in a day: 10.5 hours on 27th No of sunless days: 1 Cloud Cover: Mean cloud cover at observation: 75% Ground Observations: Lowest Grass Min: 4.1C on 25th Highest Grass Min: 11C on 30th Soil Temperatures: 5cm mean: 12.8C max: 16.2C on 28th min: 10C on 22nd 10cm mean: 13.2C max: 16.1C on 27th min: 11.6C on 22nd 20cm mean: 14.2C max: 17C on 30th min: 12.9C on 18th 30cm mean: 14.5C max: 16.5C on 30th min: 13.6C on 18th Average State of the Ground (at 0830 hours): 1 (moist) Average State of the Concrete Slab (at 0830 hours): 0 (dry) Other observations: Days with fog recorded at 0830 hours: 3 Mean visibility: 7 (good, up to 20km) Days with air frosts: 0 Duration of air frost: 0 hours Days with snow falling: 0 Days with snow lying at observation: 0 Days with hail observed: 2 Days with thunder heard: 3 Days with lightning observed: 2 Gales: 0 United Kingdom Climatological Analysis - May 1999 The 1st was another warm and sunny day over central and S parts of England away from the E coast. N parts of East Anglia and NE England were cloudy and this cloud spread to parts of SE England during the afternoon. There was overnight fog in SW and Cent s England which ws slow to clear in places, while mist and light drizzle persisted for much of the day in S Ireland. Elsewhere, it was mainly dry with sunny spells, although some rain fell in parts of W Scotland. (London 22C, Redesdale 0C, Baltasound 9mm, Tiree 14.3h.) Early cloud over E and S England was slow to clear in the E/NE wind on the 2nd and persisted all day in parts of NE England. Fog in SW and Cent S England soon cleared and it was eventually warm and sunny over most of Wales and the S half of England. There were sunny intervals in Ireland after early fog cleared, while Scotland remained mainly cloudy with light rain in the NW and Northern Isles. (Bristol 22C, Redesdale -0C, South Uist 3mm, Jersey 13.2h.) The 3rd began with cloud over much of Scotland and fog in parts of NE and Cent S England. This all soon cleared except in NW Scotland where there was some light rain during the day; Ireland had a day of sunny intervals and some cloud, while much of England and Wales was warm and sunny. As far N as Windermere 23.7C was recorded. However, cloud developed over S England and Channel Islands during the afternoon. (Saunton Sands 25C, Redesdale 2C, Stornoway 1mm, Anglesey 13.9h.) The 4th was another mainly dry day, except in parts of N Ireland and W Scotland where some rain fell. S England, and parts of the Midlands and Wales were generally cloudy, with mainly medium-to high-level cloud, and some cloud persisted along the E coast of England. Scotland saw quite a range of temperatures during the day between the W and the Northern Isles. (Lusa (Skye) 23C, Fair Isle 8C max, Altnaharra 1C min, Ballykelly 4mm, Isle of Man 13.3h.) Cloud developed overnight and into the morning of the 5th over most areas of the British Isles. Light rain began falling in parts of S England around midday, and pushed slowly N to affect most of England (except the extreme N), Wales and S Ireland by midnight. Scotland remained generally dry, with sunny intervals. (Prestatyn 20C, Aviemore 2C, Benson 3mm, Aberdeen 9.0h.) Cloud and rain over England, Wales and S Ireland continued to push N and by dawn on the 6th had reached S Scotland and Northern Ireland. There were reports of sand falling in the rain from Wigan, Rutland, the Midlands, while visibility fell below 1000m for a while in places due to the rain and low cloud. The rain reached N Scotland by nightfall, although the Northern Isles remained mainly dry, and the associated began clearing from S England, Wales, the Midlands and S Ireland during mid-afternoon to give a fine end to the day here. However, another area of rain reached Cornwall shortly before midnight. (Prestatyn 20C, Loch Glascarnoch 7C, Newcastle 12mm, Lerwick 13.9h.) Rain spread to much of S Ireland, SW England and S Wales by dawn on the 7th, and by late morning there was heavy rain in parts of NW England and the N Midlands. Overnight cloud brought light rain and drizzle to parts of Scotland, and there was some fog along the E coast here. The N-moving rain over England reached S Scotland by late evening, and it turned drier with scattered showers (some thundery) in S Ireland, S Wales and SW England by this time. There were also evening reports of thunder in SE England associated with a large thundery outbreak moving N over W France and Benelux. At Pitsford Hall (Northamptonshire) 15.5mm of rain fell during the 24 hours beginning 0900 GMT, with a peak intensity of 22.4mm per hour shortly after 1400 GMT. (Hunstanton 21C, Redhill 3C, Manchester 18mm, Lerwick 13.9h.) The rain area over the Midlands and N England continued to move slowly N during the night; later during the morning of the 8th more rain began to affect S Ireland and SW England, with some gusts to 30-40 kn in exposed areas of the SW. (Hemsby 18C, Aonach Mor 3C.) The 9th was a cloudy day over much of the British Isles, with slow-moving fronts and troughs giving further spells of rain. Gusts in W districts reached 50 kn at times as S winds blew around a low centred to the W of S Ireland. (Gravesend 22C, Aviemore 4C, Capel Curig 18mm, Herne Bay 11.0h.) S winds continued to affect the British Isles on the 10th, with bands of rain moving generally to the E. Some of the rain was heavy, with thunder reported from places in N and E England, Northern Ireland and parts of Scotland (where temporary power cuts were reported in Sutherland). (Lowestoft 20C, Lerwick 6C, St Athan 19mm, Eastbourne 11.5h.) Further bands of rain and showers affected the British Isles on the 11th, with some of the heavier rain falling in N England and S Scotland. S winds persisted, as the low remained anchored to the W of S Ireland. Thundery activity occurred over parts of E and N Ireland and E England during the afternoon and evening. (Gravesend 19C, Loch Glascarnoch 3C, Eskdalemuir 27mm, Southend 13.3h.) The rain over S Scotland and N England diminished during the morning of the 12th, although scattered showery outbreaks (with some heavy rain) continued in many other parts of the British Isles, with more persistent rain in the extreme N of Scotland. Thundery activity during the late afternoon and early evening affected E Ireland, parts of Ireland and central Scotland. (Herne Bay 18C, Lerwick 6C, Eskdalemuir 27mm, Hayling Island 11.5h.) Many areas of the British Isles were affected by spells of rain or showers during the 13th, with the winds turning to the N during the afternoon over Ireland as a low centre crossed the country. Some of the showers were heavy and thundery over parts of Ireland and N England. At Drumburgh (Cumbria) hail 1cm in diameter fell during a heavy thunderstorm in mid-afternoon (the observers there reports "our cottage was actually struck by one isolated stroke, no damage but we were shaken", and there were reports of a funnel cloud near Banbridge (Co. Down) in the evening. (Heathrow 19C, Baltasound 5C, Drumburgh 36mm, Isle of Wight 11.3h.) A slow-moving area of low pressure centred over England and Wales on the 14th brought spells of rain to these countries; the rain was in places heavy and thundery, and accompanied by hail. Scotland remainded mainly dry, while there were a few showers in the N airflow over Ireland. A small funnel cloud was observed over NE Hertfordshire (near Barkway) at 1443-1448 GMT. The funnel cloud was estimated to be no more that 600 feet high, with a maximum diameter of 100 feet. There were other reports of funnel clouds being widely seen, including at Corby (Northamptonshire). Lightning knocked out a signal box on the railway between Reading and Basingstoke. The UK Meteorological Office surface analyses for 0000 GMT on the 14th and 15th show a slack area of low pressure over the British Isles. (London Weather Centre 19C, Dunkeswell 30mm, Guernsey 12.9h.) As the depression declined and moved over the North Sea, winds became generally lighter and from the N on the 15th. Much of S and SE England remained rather cloudy (and there was some rain in the extreme SE), as was N Scotland where a cold front brought some light rain. In between these two cloudy areas is was mainly sunny, although it soon turned cloudy over much of Ireland. (Saunton Sands 19C, Loch Glascarnoch 2C, Kenley 6mm, Valley 14.6h.) The S-moving cold front meant that the 16th was generally cloudy with rain in places. Any rain was, however, genrally light as pressure was high over the entire British Isles (Valentia reported 1026.3 mb at 0900 GMT). Some coastal areas remained almost cloudfree and had the best of the sunshine. (Plymouth 17C, Lerwick 3C, Wittering and Hemsby 1.3mm, Ronaldsway 14.5h.) The main feature of the weather in the S half of England on the 17th was the increasing windspeed (with gusts to 30 kn) of the E flow during the afternoon. This, and increasing cloud cover, heralded the N movement of a low system over France. Clear skies over parts of Scotland led to an ground frost in places at first, followed by a sunny day. N England and Northern Ireland began cloudy with isolated light rain which largely faded out. On Fair Isle the maximum temperature was just 9.4C, despite 15.7h of sunshine which made it (provisionally) the sunniest place in Britain. (Lee-on-Solent 17C, Wick 0C, Shoeburyness 0.8mm.) Clear skies over N Scotland resulted in some air frost reports by dawn on the 18th. Thereafter, most of Scotland, Northern Ireland and N England had a sunny day. Low humidity readings in parts of Cent Scotland during the afternoon included reports below 30 per cent (possibly orographically-related in the SE flow), while 32 per cent was reported from Leeming at 1500 GMT (temperature 16.6C, dewpoint -0.2C). It warm afternoon in parts of W Scotland, with 22.7C at the unofficial site at Kyle of Sutherland. Over S England and Wales a slow-moving band of cloud associated with the low over France brought a cloudy day with light precipitation; in coastal counties of S England falls were occasionally heavy in nature. S Ireland turned cloudy but remained mainly dry. (Jersey 20C, Aboyne -2C, Isle of Wight 13mm, Kinloss 15.6h.) Most parts of S Ireland, Wales, and England S of the Pennines, had a cloudy night with fog forming by dawn on the 19th in parts of the Thames Valley. Other areas had a clear night with a ground frost in parts of Scotland. Scotland then had a sunny day while further s cloud moved N over much of England, Wales and Ireland. After a wam and quite humid day, thunderstorms occurred over SE, Cent S England during the early evening, moving to the S Midlands later in the evening. Some thunderstorms were heavy in the SE with hail in places (1cm in diameter at Maidenhead where 20mm fell in 20 minutes, the temperature fell 7C during the early evening storm, pressure rose 2mbar and roads were temporarily flooded). At Crowthorne 26.3mm fell between 1630 GMT and 1745 GMT. In Hampshire, golfball-size hail fell at Easton and Itchen Stoke, and the hail was still lying 15 hours after the storm. Conservatory roofs, glasshouses and guttering were damaged by the storm and gardens and crops were devastated there, and several minor roads were flooded. There were also reports of large hail on the Isle of Wight. (London Weather Centre 24C max, Redhill 22mm, Lerwick 16.0h.) The thunderstorms had almost died out by 0000 GMT on the 20th over the Midlands, leaving patchy cloud and fog patches in SW and Cent S England and along the NE coast of England by dawn. Skies were clear over many parts of Scotland by leading to some ground frost by dawn; during the day advancing cloud from the W there and over parts of Ireland was followed by light frontal rain later in the day. S Scotland, England, Wales and S Ireland had a warm day (except for a few coastal locations in NE England where fog lingered), although developing cumulonimbus clouds produced a few rain showers in S England during late afternoon. 23C was reported at Leeds Weather Centre, with 23.8 at the C.O.L. station at Langtoft. (Aboyne 0C min, Birmingham 15mm, Lerwick 15.2h.) Overnight frontal rain over Ireland during the night had reached most of Scotland and W wales by dawn on the 21st, then continued moving E to clear the British Isles by late evening. Ahead of the rain (which was heavy in parts of Scotland) it was sunny in East Anglia and the extreme SE England; the rain was followed by showers (hail was reported at Stornoway) and sunny spells in the W. (Margate 22C, Aultbea 4C, Lusa (Skye) 28mm, Herne Bay 11.7h.) A westerly airstream brought showers to Scotland, Ireland and W districts of England on the 22nd. Some of these showers were heavy with hail in Scotland and gusts to 40kn occurred widely in the N and W. Malin Head reported a gust to 51kn at 0600 GMT. During the evening an area of rain and drizzle began to affect W and S areas of Scotland. (Poole 20C, Aviemore 1C, Loch Glascarnoch 22mm, Aberdeen 14.0h.) Cloud formed extensively over the British Isles overnight as the area of precipitation over Scotland moved slowly S to affect most of Ireland by dawn on the 23rd, and N England later in the day. Most of England and Wales remained dry but cloudy with gusts to 40 kn being widespread over Scotland and N England. Behind the rain area, which persisted over S Scotland and Ireland, N Scotland had a day of sunshine and showers. (Gravesend 20C, Lybster 5C, Sella Ness 7mm, Stornoway 11.0h.) The rain area over S Scotland, N England and Northern Ireland moved slowly S during the 24th, weakening steadily and clearing SE England by late evening. In its wake skies cleared and there was sunshine and showers, some thundery in N England. Gusts to 30kn were again quite widespread in parts of N England and S Scotland. What was described, on local TV and press, as a mini tornado occured at North Ferriby (near the Humber Bridge) in the evening. Although damage did occur, i.e. branches broken off trees, house windows and car windows smashed by falling trees and branches, it was very localised. (Coltishall 19C, Loch Glascarnoch 4C, Keswick 15mm, Edinburgh 12.9h.) It was showery overnight (with some hail reported) in Norther Ireland and N and W Scotland; elsewhere the 25th dawned dry with nearly clear skies leading to a ground frost in places in S England. It remained mainly dry in most places, except for occasional showers in parts of N Scotland, until an area of rain began moving E across Ireland around midday, reaching W Scotland and NW Wales by late evening. (Gravesend 19C, Benson 3C, Buxton 8mm, Folkestone 13.3h.) Areas of frontal rain crossed the British Isles on the 26th although amounts in S England were, at most, light. Clear skies ahead of the rain brought a few low minima in the S, and a mainly sunny day along SE coastal areas. (Gravesend 23C, Bournemouth 3C, Isle of Skye 16.2mm, Clacton 14.6h.) Cloud and rain persisted over much of scotland and Northern Ireland during the 27th. Further S, a ridge brought warm and sunny conditions, until thunderstorms began moving NE across SW England, reaching Lincolnshire and Norfolk by midnight. In Bradninch (Devon) a thunderstorm began at 1800 GMT; the observer noted at least 40 cloud-to-ground strikes with a roof and tree struck; 18.8mm fell from 1800 to 2115 GMT. A thunderstorm at Keyworth (Notts.) from 2245 GMT to 0015 GMT on the 28th resulted from a line of spectacular storm cells slowly moving N across South Nottinghamshire with frequent long lasting cloud to cloud and cloud to ground strikes; a brief period of intense rain followed as the storm gradually flickered away to the north leaving a chorus of car and house alarms. Many observers commented upon the intensity of the lightning displays, while at Chalfont St. Giles a dust deposit was left by the rain. In the Solihull area damage reports included: 30000 households without power, lightning set fire to vent pipes connected to fuel tanks at a petrol station at Cradley Heath, and lightning blew a hole in the roof of a new Midland Metro tram and set it alight. (Heathrow 26C, Baltasund 5C, Falmouth 11.2mm, Hastings 15.1h.) The thundery area moved into NW and NE England in the early hours of the 28th, which began with heavy rain in N Scotland and in Northern Ireland. Rain over Ireland and Scotland persisted for much of the day, while England and Wales were mainly dry except for lingering rain in some N areas of England. (Jersey 23C, Lerwick 6C, Kirkwall 38mm, Cromer 12.8h.) Rain continued to fall over many parts of Scotland until early afternoon on the 29th, while Ireland has a mainly cloudy day. England and Wales began dry and sunny and became quite warm in places. An area of thundery activity (accompanied by hail in places) moved into SW England by 0600 GMT, moving NE and spreading to the E Midlands and East Anglia by late evening. A thunderstorm at Bristol (Totterdown) from 1215 GMT until 1515 GMT resulted in 18mm of precipitation, including 10mm from 1325 GMT to 1338 GMT when a 26 kn gust occurred. During the passage of a thunderstorm at Wokingham from 1551 GMT to 1608 GMT 15.7mm of rain fell, with a peak rainfall rate of 199 mm/hr around 1554 GMT over a two and half minute period. Thunderstorms resulted in local flooding in many areas (eg. in parts of SW and Cent S England) and there were reports of small tornadoes in the SW. Rainfall under the core of the storms was heavy, eg. 25.4mm at Cirencester (of which 15mm fell in 15 mins with winds of force 5 to 7). Several places from Birmingham to Wokingham reported rapid pressure fluctuations during these storms (associated with temperature falls as large as 5degC), and there were reports of a tornado in Bracknell. Hail in a storm at Dartford was 1cm in diameter, while in Danbury (Essex) 17mm fell in 5 minutes. (Southampton 27C, Lerwick 6C, Chipping Norton 34mm, Folkestone 14.0h.) The thundery activity died down by dawn on the 30th, leaving an area of rain over N and Cent. parts of England by dawn, along with an easterly airflow here. The day was a notably cool one over much of England and Wales with the temperature falling during the day in many places, and maxima of 15C or less in many places during 0900 to 2100 GMT. At Cirencester the maximum was 11.3C, the temperature falling to 9.8C during late morning. The area of rain brought large totals to some parts of S England and mist and fog to the Channel Islands; Scotland and Ireland were mainly dry with sunny spells following the clearance of early cloud. (Jersey 18C, Buxton (Derbyshire) 10C min, Loch Glascarnoch -0C, Margate 28mm, Tiree 14.7h.) Much of England and Wales remained cloudy throughout the 31st, with daytime temperatures again rather low as a result, and overnight rain in the extreme S clearing by lunchtime. A high pressure centre moved S over Scotland during the day, and here and in Ireland it remained mainly dry and sunny; 1025 mbar was reported in E England around 0900 GMT. (extreme values not yet available.) Information supplied courtesy of Roger Brugge, Climatological Observers Link. Notable Weather Events in Northamptonshire The following report is taken from the weather station's web site 3 May Warmest day of the year so far. Daytime maximum 21.8C. Previous highs 21.3C on 30 April, 18.5C on 1 April. Sunshine recorded on the 3rd: 8.1 hours. 7 May Heavy showers recorded during the afternoon. Total 15.5mm over 4.25 hours. Maximum intensity recorded at 1500 hours: 22.4mm per hour. 14 May Reports of a tornado and funnel cloud in the Corby area. Software engineer, Tom Bayes, photographed the cloud at around 2pm on the A6003 between Corby and Kettering. The cloud was also reported at the Abington Road playing fields in Corby.(* information supplied by Jeremy Borrett). 27 May Torrential rain, thunder and lightning affect much of the county. 4.5mm rain fell in 30 minutes at Pitsford Hall. 29 May Further torrential rain, thunder and lightning affect much of the county. 17mm rain recorded over 2.5 hours at Pitsford Hall. Reports from Northants Weather Watchers Reports received from Pitsford Hall weather station's network of weather enthusiasts across Northamptonshire. From Jeremy Borrett in Corby: I was quite surprised that we've had quite a wet month this year. On Ceefax (page 428), there's a section on Weather Lore. It said that a wet May often indicates a dry and hot June! I don't know what June will bring in the weather but looking back to my rain figures in 1997 and 1998, I doubt that we'll get another wet June. As from the recent e-mail correspondance we had about a fortnight ago, I shall now start preparing a set of maximum and minimum temperatures for each month. The figures will be carried out over a month from midnight 1st June to midnight 1st July. Last month, after you told me you record wind speeds in excess of 42mph, I recorded a total of 2 days which exceeded this speed. Both of these days had gusty winds and recorded between 15:00 and 16:30. The dates of these winds occured on the 17th and 21st of May. If you require any other information of last month's figures, feel free to contact me. Let's hope we have interesting month! WILBY'S TOTAL MONTHLY & YEARLY RAINFALL (BETWEEN 1994 AND 1999) ____________________________________________________ 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 ____________________________________________________ January 80 83 44 22 88 109 February 44 76 56.5 66.5 8 21 March 46 55 36.5 11.5 82 37.5 April 54 31 51.5 19 175 76 May 62 36 24.5 92.5 16 68 June 24 95 34.5 149 126 July 24 19 69 49 19 August 36 9 70.5 66 62 September 122 121 11 42 60 October 76 28 45.5 81.5 130 November 52 82 79 84 45 December 62 96 55 78 56 ___________________________________________________ TOTAL (mm) 682 731 577.5 761 867 311.5 ___________________________________________________ WILBY'S AVERAGE DAILY TEMPERATURE (1995 TO 1999) _____________________________________________________________________ 1995 (°C) 1996 (°C) 1997 (°C) 1998 (°C) 1999 (°C) _____________________________________________________________________ January 4 3 1 5 6 February 6 5 7 9 6 March 7 4 3 7 8 April 12 12 14 10 15 May 16 12 16 19 19 June 19 19 20 17 July 25 21 24 20 August 26 21 27 25 September 19 18 21 19 October 14 13 13 11 November 6 4 9 5 December 1 2 5 6 _____________________________________________________________________ WILBY'S AVERAGE DAILY PRESSURE (1995 TO 1999) _____________________________________________________________________ 1995 (mb) 1996 (mb) 1997 (mb) 1998 (mb) 1999 (mb) _____________________________________________________________________ January 1008 1010 1024 1011 1014 February 1005 1018 1014 1022 1017 March 1009 1012 1024 1020 1008 April 1016 1016 1023 1001 1011 May 1015 1014 1015 1017 1017 June 1012 1020 1010 1013 July 1013 1017 1021 1013 August 1017 1024 1017 1019 September1013 1017 1023 1012 October 1016 1014 1017 1011 November 1014 1010 1001 1016 December 1016 1015 1009 1009 _____________________________________________________________________ WILBY'S AVERAGE DAILY WIND SPEED (1995 TO 1999) _________________________________________________________________________ 1995 (mph) 1996 (mph) 1997 (mph) 1998 (mph) 1999 (mph) _________________________________________________________________________ January 9 4 1 8 1 February 5 3 7 5 5 March 7 4 3 7 3 April 3 3 4 7 7 May 5 4 7 2 5 June 2 2 13 4 July 3 3 7 7 August 3 3 9 8 September 3 3 6 4 October 3 2 6 8 November 2 1 4 1 December 2 1 6 7 _________________________________________________________________________ Appendix Weather Station Inventory (including equipment in active use as of 1 June 1999) Rooftop Enclosure and Office Standard Stevenson screen containing Mahogany mounted maximum and minimum thermometers (Casella type) Wet and dry bulb hygrometer Large pattern Stevenson screen containing Sheathed pattern maximum and minimum thermometers (UK Met Office with calibration certificates) Sheathed pattern wet and dry bulb thermometers (UK Met Office with calibration certificates) Thermograph (UK Met Office) Hair Hygrograph (UK Met Office) Campbell-Stokes Sunshine Recorder (UK Met Office MKII) Snowdon-type pattern raingauge (UK Met Office) British Association pattern raingauge (for recording rainfall acidity) Tilting syphon rainfall recorder (UK Met Office MKI) Wind vane (UK Met Office) Totalising Cup-Counter Anemometer (UK Met Office, mounted on 5m mast) Digital wind direction system (Digitar, for determination of maximum gust) Fortin-pattern mercury barometer Open-scale micro-barograph (UK Met Office) High resolution digital pH meter (Hanna) Two PC's with modem links and dedicated fax/phone line Ground Enclosure Soil thermometers (5cm, 10cm, 20cm, 30cm) (UK Met Office and Casella types) Grass and concrete minimum thermometers (UK Met Office with calibration certificates) Bare Earth Plot Concrete Slab